Distributed Processing

In computer science, a form of information processing in which work is performed by
separate computers that are linked through a communications network. Distributed processing is
usually categorized as either plain distributed processing or true distributed processing. Plain
distributed processing shares the workload among computers that can communicate with one
another. True distributed processing has separate computers perform different tasks in such a
way that their combined work can contribute to a larger goal, such as the transfer of funds from
one bank to another. This latter type of processing requires a highly structured environment that
allows hardware and software to communicate, share resources, and exchange information
freely. At the highest (and most visible) levels, such distributed processing can also require datatransfer
mechanisms that are relatively invisible to users but that enable different programs to use
and share one another's data.
Distributed data processing system is a network of several computers in remote stations,
each of which is linked to a single host computer. The larger, central computer maintains the
firm's master data base and system log. Each remote system is a fully independent computer that
maintains its own local data base in addition to communication with the master computer. These
individual computers are tied together through a high speed communication network. This allows
individual computers to communicate with one another in a variety of ways depending on the
CIS requirements.
Many small computers (called nodes) are employed as data collection points in several
departments. They are connected to a main computer system (called File Server) in a centralised
department, which controls the entire database. The processing involved here is known as
distributed processing.
The distributed data processing system exists because of the need for large interactive
installations with a high degree of reliability and accuracy. Moreover, large number of mini
computers can be connected in this system which results in cost reduction.

Features

(a) Decentralized computer system
(b) Interconnected by communication network (c) More reliable
(d) Since more than one computer is used in the network, it is economical.

Advantages:

Distributed data processing system has many advantages:
a. Local computers on the network offer immediate response to local needs.
b. Systems can be expanded in modular fashion as needed because many small
c. Computers are used as the system is not dependant on large unit that could shut down the
network if it failed.
d. Equipment operating and managing costs are often lower.
e. Minicomputers tend to be less complex than large systems; therefore, the system is more
useful to local users.
Distributed data processing system a number of computer systems are linked together. So the
facilities available-in one computer system can be shared by all. This link is called computer network.