The data after some processing is transformed into information, which is organized and meaningful. It includes the following operations.
1. Data Generation
It involves the operation of collecting the original data. It implies that the raw data are collected and set out in the form of original document called a source document.
2. Recording
Here raw data is converted into an acceptable form. That is, the data is transcribed from the source documents on the cards or on some other specified forms and are made readable for the machines. This operation is performed throughout the IPO cycle. The punched cards and paper tapes, magnetic tapes, a magnetic disks, tape cassettes, floppy disks, magnetic drums, tape cassettes, floppy disks, RAM cartridge, charged coupled devices, etc., are used as data recording media.
3. Verification
After the data have been recorded, their accuracy has to be checked. This can be done with the help of another machine called verifier or by re-reading.
4. Classification
Classification of information is the next important operation in which the data is separated into various categories.
5. Sorting
Sorting involves sequencing the data in a pre-determined order to facilitate processing. The order may be either alphabetic or numeric.
6. Merging
It is the operation of combining two or more ordered (sorted) sets of data to form another single ordered set.
7. Calculating
Here calculation of greater magnitude can be processed. Calculation involves solving equations and manipulation of the source data such as addition, subtraction, etc.
8. Data Storage
The results of processing one set of data are retained in storage for future use of reference. The basic requirement for utilizing the computer in all business applications is the ability to store and access data. The data is stored in a location called memory referred by its address. In large organizations, huge volume of data is to be stored and accessed. Hence, some auxiliary storage devices are also needed for the effective data processing.
1. Data Generation
It involves the operation of collecting the original data. It implies that the raw data are collected and set out in the form of original document called a source document.
2. Recording
Here raw data is converted into an acceptable form. That is, the data is transcribed from the source documents on the cards or on some other specified forms and are made readable for the machines. This operation is performed throughout the IPO cycle. The punched cards and paper tapes, magnetic tapes, a magnetic disks, tape cassettes, floppy disks, magnetic drums, tape cassettes, floppy disks, RAM cartridge, charged coupled devices, etc., are used as data recording media.
3. Verification
After the data have been recorded, their accuracy has to be checked. This can be done with the help of another machine called verifier or by re-reading.
4. Classification
Classification of information is the next important operation in which the data is separated into various categories.
5. Sorting
Sorting involves sequencing the data in a pre-determined order to facilitate processing. The order may be either alphabetic or numeric.
6. Merging
It is the operation of combining two or more ordered (sorted) sets of data to form another single ordered set.
7. Calculating
Here calculation of greater magnitude can be processed. Calculation involves solving equations and manipulation of the source data such as addition, subtraction, etc.
8. Data Storage
The results of processing one set of data are retained in storage for future use of reference. The basic requirement for utilizing the computer in all business applications is the ability to store and access data. The data is stored in a location called memory referred by its address. In large organizations, huge volume of data is to be stored and accessed. Hence, some auxiliary storage devices are also needed for the effective data processing.
9. Data Retrieving:
Data retrieving is the process of searching or locating a data item from the storage. In EDP system, the data is retrieved from the storage device in sequential, indexed sequential or random access mode. The on-line data storage and retrieval is very useful for the proper functioning of a modern business establishment.
10. Reporting:
Generally in business data processing, the processing operation comes to an end with the
reporting of data. In this operation the results of the data processing are made available to others.
The processed information may be reported in a number of ways depending on the use of results.
The results may be printed out in the form of pay slips, bills, etc. or in the form of reports as ESI
Reports, PF Reports or Sales Reports, etc.
10. Reporting:
Generally in business data processing, the processing operation comes to an end with the
reporting of data. In this operation the results of the data processing are made available to others.
The processed information may be reported in a number of ways depending on the use of results.
The results may be printed out in the form of pay slips, bills, etc. or in the form of reports as ESI
Reports, PF Reports or Sales Reports, etc.
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